Article

The backend has been developed in a completely new way thanks to node.js. This is a program that allows a developer to utilize JavaScript even on the server side. Formerly, JavaScript was only used in client-side scripts but with the use of Node.js, server applications can be developed in the very same language that browsers use. This has eased development for a number of coders who already possess JavaScript skills.

Node.js is a free software and a multiplatform enabling runtime that runs JavaScript scripts in the server environment. Its architectural structure is the V8 engine used in the Google chrome browser making it effective and reliable. Unlike conventional server-side programming systems which depend on threads for servicing more than one request, Node.js works on a single threaded and event based mechanism. This characteristic enables it to serve a large number of requests at the same time which is helpful in the development of web applications that have to be scaled.

What is Node.js?

Node.js is a platform that allows Javascript code to be executed on the server side as opposed to only the browser. In other words, it allows Javascript for server-side programming. The V8 JavaScript Engine, usually associated with Google, is used because it compiles Javascript into machine code for fast processing.

Node.js relies heavily on a non-blocking event-driven architecture, which is ideal for developing distributed networking applications. It is also good at processing input and output (I/O) requests, which are common while carrying out web-based tasks, including writing and reading files, making HTTP requests, and working with databases.

How Does Node.js Work?

Each Node.js application follows an event-driven style architecture which makes it easier to perform non-blocking actions. It does not wait for an I/O request to complete, like the other applications, rather, it processes multiple tasks at a time. To do so, it utilizes an event loop. The moment an I/O request has been completed, an event is fired to indicate that there is now a completed request that the application can use.

The fact that it is non-blocking has an important advantage for software like real-time chat systems, live data streaming, and APIs, which need to maintain a high number of concurrent connections, over time. So, with every user request being catered to at the same time, Node.js seems to be doing tasks considerably quicker than what is the case with server-side languages where each task is supposed to finish before the next one can be started.

Why Choose Node.js for Backend?

There are many reasons why Node.js is gaining popularity with developers companies for backend development as there are many key advantages included with it:

1. JavaScript Everywhere: One of the primary advantages of using Node.js is that developers can utilize JavaScript in both the frontend and backend. This negates the need to master multiple languages for various sections of an application. Users of JavaScript can utilize it in the entire stack which would lead to reduced complexity in the development processes and easier code maintenance.

2. Performance: Node.js is based on the V8 engine, which compiles JavaScript directly into a machine code, accelerating the execution speed. Also, because it is non-blocking and event-driven, Node.js is able to manage thousands of active connections simultaneously without compromising performance.

3. Scalability: An application built on Node.js is highly scalable in addition to being expandable. It is event-driven and able to manage several database requests at the same time. This is quite useful in the applications, wherein high throughput is required such as APIs or real time services.

4. NPM (Node Package Manager): A package manager is built into Node.js and which is called NPM, a utility that enables one to access thousands of free libraries and modules which can be used in one's applications. This allows one to quickly and effortlessly add in functionalities such as database capabilities or user authentication without having to create it from square one.

5. Real-time Data: Applications that handle real time data would benefit greatly from the use of Node.js. The architecture of Node.js is event driven, and therefore, it can be used in any time-based application such as online chats, collaboration tools, online games etc. Furthermore, the capability of handling numerous connections at the same time with minimum cost applies to these situations perfectly.

6. Community Support: One of the best features of Node.js is its lively and vigorous community. The community is angry with a huge number of tutorials, documentation, and open source projects which can be used in handy when looking for solutions. The more the users in the Node.js ecosystem, the better the improvement of the platform.

Top Traits of Node.js for Back End

Node.js is built-in with an array of features which make the backend development perfect:

1. Asynchronous and Nonblocking: Working on a nonblocking asynchronous mode, Node.js can concurrently execute several requests. Unlike conventional servers that must make use of several threads to satisfy requests, Node.js server makes use of a single thread and is able to attend to a number of requests simultaneously.

2. Event Loop: The event loop retrieves the task from the application and assigns it the system and the task is started, And the event loop jumps to the next task. After finishing the task, it fires an event to the application.

3. Single-Threaded Model: Even though Node.js is capable of supporting many simultaneous connections, it does so on a single thread which makes the cost of maintaining several threads low. For input/output intense applications, this makes the server light-weighted and fast.

4. Cross-platform: Node.js runs on a number of operating systems including Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. Thanks to this feature, applications are easily developed and maintained in different systems without substantial changes.

5. Streams: Node.js supports streams with the help of which data can be handled in chunks instead of fetching it all at once. This feature is significant for the developers who have to deal with large-scale data such as processing of huge files or real-time transmission of data to clients.

6. HTTP Module: With the backend development incorporating the built in HTTP module provided by Node.js, developing web servers and APIs has never been easy. Rather than complex system architectures, starting with simple web servers that handle the HTTP protocols can be set up with ease.

7. JSON Handling: JSON or JavaScript Object Notation, is a popular data format used in client-server interaction and is supported by Node.js out of the box. This feature in particular allows for easy development of RESTful APIs on Node.js due to its compatibility with JSON.

8. Robust Ecosystem: A lot of packages and libraries are present in the Node.js which can be easily downloaded from NPM, making the development process easy. If you are working with databases, authentication, sending emails, then most probably you will find a relevant package already available.

0

Article

养花风水

6 hours ago

Modern dynamic and interactive websites correctly rank among the cut-throat expectations of the users. People want websites which respond to their inputs and interactions instantly, load new information without the need of refreshing the whole page and engage the user throughout with persistence. It is at this point that JavaScript and AJAX come into the picture. In unison, they make it possible for developers to come up with dynamic pages which are responsive in nature and most importantly they feel fast. In this review, we detail on how Ajax and JavaScript function with respect to one another to facilitate the building of dynamic web applications and improving the user's experience.

The Key Components of a Complex JavaScript Architecture

Java Script is probably the most important and versatile of all coding languages, for a developer, as he is able to run his code in web browsers. This allows web pages to be manipulated to be JavaScript enabled. Websites are made interactive by replacing contents on the page through a Java script that is able to add or change an HTML document. Moreover, Java Script makes it possible to update an HTML document by creating a web page that responds to associations with external sources. This includes but is not limited to dealing with clicking requests and keyboard tapping orders which are commonplace in webpage creation.

JavaScript is predominantly popular due to its capability to work with other languages and components. In this case, HTML elements can be viewed as nodes in the DOM tree structure. Thanks to JavaScript, the document object model can be altered dynamically to reflect a user's actions and their related results on a website's content, its looks or its arrangement.

For example, through the use of JavaScript, the content of a certain paragraph can be altered, elements can automatically display themselves or disappear depending on whether the user clicks them or not, and even a form can be submitted without the need of reloading the page. Such possibilities can greatly enhance the interactivity of a website and the responsiveness of its features as there will be no need to reload the entire page after every single action.

What are the Risks of Not Using AJAX While Web Designing

But there is one more concern which JavaScript does not solve: how do I fetch and change server data without refreshing the entire page? The inherent approach to every web development task is the idea that whenever a user wants new information, the browser contacts the GET server through a new request and the new information is loaded within the entire window along with everything else. Such routing can be inconvenient to users, especially in large pages.

This is now where AJAX fits into the picture. AJAX is short for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. In a more in-depth description, AJAX is a technology that lets web pages exchange information with the web server even without refreshing the page. Thanks to AJAX, web pages can now update smoothly. After a webpage is loaded, and whatever data is required is requested from the server, Javascript can request data, process the data, and update the web page, all at once. As such, this means web pages will become faster and more effective when it comes to user interaction, all thanks to AJAX.

What Happens Behind AJAX?

With AJAX, parallel processing of information is made possible in a web page that is quite loaded with a lot of scripts running. For instance, a single page interacting with a multi level server network also relying on a SQL server whose response would take some time. So a typical AJAX request works like this when a AJAX enabled page is fully rendered and being requested, the request gets sent and the JSX code of the AJAX request gets executed and also the native Javascript code present on the page keeps running, retaining the responsiveness of the web page. When the desired data is achieved, the rest of the page goes about rendering as per requirement.

The key ingredient of AJAX frameworks is utilisation of web browsers. AJAX relies heavily on the helper technology of XML, Facebook API/REST plugins. When building an interface, Javascript communicates to a server operating with Virgin Inspector organisms implementation whether through XML or in other instances with JSON. Instead, a newer and more resilient web interface aims to stimulate interaction.

AJAX, Asynchronous JavaScript and XML is basically used to request or download the data to and from the server. It is widely used as it makes it possible to make a web application faster and more interactive.

In an AJAX call/ request there's always a standard function which will help you understand how data gets transferred and submitted to and to other web applications. Here are the steps:

1. Sending request: This is when JavaScript wraps up a request for information and sends it to an external server. The data that can be retrieved can be in the format of text, Json or even XML.

2. Making a request: Then after wrapping up a request, a request is made to the server through a client's browser. This will not refresh the current web page which allows users to work on it while a request has been sent.

3. Processing Dominating: This tells us how the request was made, what was the outcome for the request and if the request needed to retrieve or store any data.

4. Response Receiving: In this phase we determine the server's outcome. The server sends the information back to the client's browser in a language which JavaScript would understand like JSON.

5. Browser page Revision: This will allow a user to revise a web page without refreshing it.

JavaScript with AJAX

JavaScript stands out to be a very important language when it comes to AJAX. It covers all the three phases of making a request till the data is updated on the page. The most basic use of the language is to not make changes to an entire web application but to change only parts of it. This can be done through the document object model modification and updating after the request has been fulfilled by the server.

The above is true as you can see, JavaScript assists with the handling of any problems such as server downtime for an AJAX request which can potentially crash the application, as JavaScript handles the said problems by conveying the issues to the user.

AJAX and JavaScript Integration – Why Use This Combination?

During the combination of JavaScript and AJAX, a lot can be done in relation to the development of pages for a website. One of the greatest advantages of these technologies is their combination allows for creating fast, user-friendly web pages that don't have to be fully reloaded. Here's why JavaScript and AJAX for dynamic web pages are an important set of technologies:

1. Enhanced User Experience: Due to AJAX being employed for dynamic content loading, it means that a user does not have to entirely wait for the page to change. Rather, content is refreshed even as a user is scrolling through new elements on a page, meaning that users experience less waiting time and an overall quiet seamless experience.

2. Saves Server Resources: Rather than sending requests to the server about the whole page to be pushed out, AJAX enables a system to only request the necessary data to be used. This in result minimizes unnecessary requests from being sent to the server which in turn is more efficient.

3. Web Pages with Significantly Higher Speeds: Because AJAX only updates the required data, web pages have lower load times which are essential for users' experience. This is especially crucial for single-page applications requiring dynamic data without a complete system refresh.

4. Increased Engagement with Users: Thanks to AJAX integration, JavaScript enables the developers to build engaging features such as live search, infinite scrolling, and live chat that boost the user experience.

5. Flawless Changes within a Page: Thanks to AJAX, updating the content no longer demands reloading the page, making it convenient to send out notifications or updated information real-time communication without any disruption on the user's activities.

0

Article

养花风水

6 hours ago

A number of new features made their ways into javascript with the introduction of its gallant version ECMAScript 6 or ES6. These features worked towards the goal of creating a language that's powerful, abstract and easy with great effectiveness. It is recommended for anyone who is seeking to bridge their knowledge in javascript or is starting out to know these main points of ES6. This article's focus will be shifted to some of these features along with their effect on the cutting edge javascript development.

Let and Const

As of writing this article, 'var' was the only keyword previously available to create variables in JavaScript. Although the `var` keyword was useful for declaring variables, it also came with negative aspects concerning scope and hoisting which can create bugs and make codes more messy than they need to be. Two new ways of declaring variables were introduced with the enactment of ES6. These were `let` and `const`.

1. Let: Block scoped variable can be accessed only inside the block in which they were declared, be it a loop or an if statement, and it can be done through the use of the keyword `let`. This overcomes the potential complications offered by `var`, as the scope of the variable is more easily understood.

2. Const: It is worth noting that Const is a nominative program that allows to declare constants which means that these variables are never changed, they are initialized once and for all. This turns out to be less cumbersome while dealing with read-only variables thus increasing the readability of the code by preventing reassignment of a variable by mistake.

Arrow Functions

One of the major features of ES6 which is so popular and in fact everywhere is the arrow function. An arrow function is a special type of function that can enable you to access global variables and have a different context 'this'. This makes them very effective when working with functions or callbacks in objects.

Arrow functions use the syntax '=>'. For example:

Arrow Function Example

let add = (a, b) => a + b;

In this illustration we can say that the arrow function added the benefit of only more parsers seeing that it effectively behaves like a standard function. Perhaps the most noteworthy of all is how arrow functions are able to bind the value of `this` scope passed as an argument during its parent invocation which is quite required in event handling or callback situations.

Template Literals

The other most valuable feature introduced with ES6 is SaaSits easy for a user to use template literals. Instead of quotation template literals allows you to use placeholders along with backticks.

For example:

Template Literals Example

let name = "Alice";

let greeting = `Hello, ${name}!`;

What made the context even more interesting was the quote say hello to Alice. Instead of saying hello to Alice, string concatenation is long gone. Because multi-line strings are supported, longer texts that span several paragraphs are made easier to work with.

Destructuring

Another interesting topic that was added to ES6 is Destructuring. When faced with the problem of more optimal ways to unpack values from objects or arrays and write them in variables, ES6 provided a solution to the pain. Rather than reaching for the extreme method of indexing or dot notation, Use of compact form makes the code easier to understand.

For arrays:

Array Destructuring Example

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];

let [a, b, c] = numbers;

For objects:

Object Destructuring Example

let person = { name: "John", age: 30 };

let { name, age } = person;

Writing these statements at the top, the journalist tackles the features of many programming languages, especially those with object-oriented characteristics; the feature is referred to as Pointers.

Classes

Es6 classes only serve to simplify the understanding of smearing for many of us. Objects can be summed up with blueprints methods and inheritance, which of course an architect would like to hope such a simple concept can hardly bring new artistic styles.

A basic class can be defined like this:

Class Example

class Person {

    constructor(name, age) {

        this.name = name;

        this.age = age;

    }

    greet() {

        console.log(`Hello, my name is ${this.name}`);

    }

}

let person = new Person("Alice", 25);

person.greet(); // Outputs: Hello, my name is Alice

So far, the built-in JavaScript class examples seem to be an improvement in clarity and structure over the previous prototype-based inheritance model.

Zero Parameters

Previously in ES6, it was possible to use default values for function parameters, as using default values required a function to be invoked with a set value.

Default Parameters Example

function greet(name = "Guest") {

    console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);

}

As seen in the example, nothing is passed to the `greet` function, so `name` will take on the default value of `"Guest"` in this case. This means we need not have any manual checks or conditional statements inside it.

Rest and Spread Operators

In programming, the sole purpose of flaws is to persuade the two most powerful operators 'rest operator' (i.e '…') and 'spread operator' (i.e. '…') which merge all flaws into the curtains.

1. Rest Operator: The rest parameter makes it possible to pack multiple values into a single array and uses the arrays of the function parameters.

Rest Operator Example

function sum(...numbers) {

    return numbers.reduce((acc,num) => acc + num),0);

}

Here, `numbers` that are parameters of the `sum` function are packed into one array.

2. Spread Operator: The spread operator, the reverse of the rest operator, packs certain properties of arrays or objects into a new entity of its own. It is useful while invoking methods or while declaring new arrays or objects.

Spread Operator Example

let arr = [1, 2, 3];

let newArr = [...arr, 4, 5];

So here, all the values inside 'arr' along with newly added '4' and '5' have been incorporated into `newArr`.

Modules

JavaScript had no concept of modules prior to ES6. The major advantage of modules is in the organization and maintainability of a large code base as you can partition and decompose your code into smaller and more manageable files.

Example of how to export a function or variable declared in a module is as follows:

Exporting Module Example

// math.js 

export function add(a, b) {

    return a + b;

}

And to import the exported function into another file, it is done as follows:

Importing Module Example

// app.js

import { add } from './math.js';

console.log(add(2, 3)); // Output: 5

In computer programming, especially in JavaScript, modules are very handy as they provide an organized way of writing code and limit the complications that arise due to global variables and namespace pollution.

Promise

Promises are a new feature that was added in ECMAScript 6 to work with functions with asynchronous execution. A promise is an implicit declaration that a certain value may not be available at this point in time but sometime in the future it would be resolved and there would be a value. Whenever an asynchronous operation is to be performed, using promises is much easier due to the fact that they can be chained together with the use of the `.then()` and `.catch()` methods.

Promise Example

let myPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

    let success = true;

    if (success) {

        resolve("Task completed successfully");

    } else {

        reject("Task failed");

    }

});



myPromise.then(result => {

    console.log(result);

}).catch(error => {

    console.log(error);

});

0

Article

养花风水

7 hours ago

Creating Your First Python Project

I can relate to the mix of emotions one gets while starting to learn a new programming language like python, and every journey right from the start is new and filled with unknown variables. Python seems like an easy language to understand, but it is important to know that simply knowing syntax and the grammar does not enable you to master the language. Building a project is arguably one of the best methods to gain a better grip over python. There will be concepts and ideas that you will realise you can put into practice and so, building a project will help reinforce your confidence.

Therefore in this article, with the help of this simple project let us understand how to construct your first python project step by step in a format where you will be able to easily apply your learnt concepts without diving into the theory all the time. By reading the entire article through to the end, it is highly expected that you will get a concise understanding on how your codes can be structured in an organized manner, how your application can be adequately tested and basic features of your application implemented. The goal would be to make something that works and is helpful even if that is just a small project.

Picking the Idea for a Project

The first step in creating laptop applications using python is picking the suitable idea for your project. For beginners it is recommended to work on a project which is easy but still requires learning of new concepts. While it is easy to settle for something big, I prefer starting off on something small. This will help create the much needed momentum.

A broad idea of what the first project should look like is:

1. It should be something that you would be passionate about.

2. It should include only the very basic concepts of python that you have grasped at that point.

3. Grade-wise it should not be something that a student will take a long time to be able to complete.

Some common suggestions of first projects in python include:

- A to-do list application is an application whereby users can create, remove or update their tasks.

- A simple calculator which can perform basic arithmetical calculations.

- A number guessing game in which a player tries to guess a number that the computer has generated randomly.

- An address book where users can keep name and phone number records.

Relaxing, remember, the aim is to brush up on coding and understanding, so your project doesn't have to be too complicated.

Preparing your Project Structure

As a first step, it's important to have a workspace for your photo project and to do that you don't have to write any code. Having a structured planning of your project will allow for a proper organization and management of your codes as they increase in number.

1. Get Python up and Running: Ensure that your machines have installed various programs best suited for that current system. The majority of devices available in the market already have Python, nonetheless it is advisable to look out for it. And if you are looking to download it, always check the official site for its most recent edition.

2. An IDE should be Determined: Writing Python code is possible in many text editors but if an integrated development environment is employed, it will be easier to compose, examine, and debug scripts. Good examples of such IDEs are PyCharm, VS Code, Sublime Text and many more as they include advanced capabilities like syntax highlighting, code snippets, debugging, etc.

3. Make a Folder for Your Project: Because all your files are going to be housed in this folder, it's crucial to maintain an organized structure especially if the project is expected to scale. Normally, a standard python project would have the following elements arranged at a hierarchy:

- A principal program file like `main.py`

- Other program files serving as modules that would act as different components of the program eg: `tasks.py` or `helpers.py`.

- A folder for saving data files (if applicable).

Remember to take the time to correctly decide how to structure your files at the beginning so that you do not have issues later with expanding your project.

Writing the Code

Now, let's write the code as the environment is set. This part seems to be the best for a novice especially after completing their first Python project. Notably, depending on the nature of your chosen project, you will start with its primary aspects and then move in step wise manner to add more intricate details.

For instance, in case you are creating a to-do list app, you first may want to write an instruction for displaying the list of tasks and then gradually add more instructions for adding a new task, deleting a task and marking a task as done etc.

While writing your code, you can:

- Divide the work such that the project becomes a collection of smaller projects.

- Begin with basic parts and build upon them with time.

- Incorporate testing frequently so that each aspect is validated.

It is very common to make errors in this stage of the project so do not get too upset. Debugging and finding solutions are also a part of the process of learning.

Setting Up Tests For Your Application

After writing the basic code for your application, it is your responsibility to test it correctly. Testing helps eliminate bugs and assures that all parts of the application work properly. For smaller ones, you can do manual testing of your project by running a program and using the system to see if it produces the desired results.

For example, when you implement a number guessing game, you would surely want to check:

- Is a random number selection done by the game?

- Does it ask the user for input correctly?

- Is the feedback accurate (for example, not too high/not too low)?

For bigger applications you might want to consider using automatic testing. In Python there are libraries for unit testing, such as unittest and pytest, which allow you to define tests for the functionalities of your application to confirm that the application behaves correctly in various conditions.

Even if your assignment is small in size, it is better that you develop a habit of testing your code, as this is vital for a successful career in programming.

Phases of Modification and Enhancement of the Project

When you have a first operable version of the project do not end there. It is hardly possible that the first version of any project is the best one, there is always a potential for improvement. Testing your project may have exposed the following things that can be done:

- Refine the user interface (UI)

- Change the code to enhance execution

- Make the system more feature-rich.

For instance, if you constructed a basic calculator, you may incorporate more functionalities like multiplying or dividing, or you can implement a graphical user interface with Tkinter libraries.

Working on new functionalities is also core to most projects in addition to impressing others or companies with your ability to come up with sophisticated ideas since you also advance your knowledge of Python. Coming up with multiple drafts of your project helps you appreciate the finer points of programming and further enhance your skills.

Writing The Project

You may consider this as optional, especially for small projects and so out high on the importance notch if you wish for such. Scribbling precise comments and explanations suitably in your codes avails a better understanding of it and also helps others or your future self to use it.

0

Article

Testing

11-19

Starting to learn a new language like English is exciting. However, very few people manage to get to the end of this journey. This is because language learning is a long process and many times you will keep on thinking "Do I need to?"

Well, English is a common language that people all over the world speak to some extent. Communication and business take place using this language. So, there's definitely a strong reason to learn this language well. Also, if you decide to study abroad, visit a new place for business, or try your luck with immigration, then you must take an English proficiency test. These tests examine your knowledge of English to ensure that you will be able to achieve your goal in a foreign country.

So, if it is so important to learn English, how do you stay motivated till the end? Here are some tips for completing your English learning journey successfully without losing motivation along the way.

Keep reminding yourself of your goal

You have decided to learn English for a purpose. So, keep reminding yourself of the reason for learning English. Try to visualize what will happen after the course. For example, you will get admitted to a foreign university, get a better job, or get a chance to apply for immigration. Aren't these you want in your life? So, you need to be patient and learn English with full attention. Along with the ultimate goal, you must set small goals achievable within a short time as well. It may take time to achieve the long-term goal; but once you achieve the short-term goals, you will develop a positive mindset about your ultimate goal of learning English.

Be consistent

Just like your fitness goal, you need to be consistent with your effort to learn English. You need to have a structured program designed to meet your goals. Try to achieve small goals every day and appreciate your achievements.

Get professional support

It is not easy to study on your own. You must get professional help to learn English. You can eight join a training center or do online courses. Doing something alone can be very painful. So, look for a partner who is willing to spend some time with you practicing speaking and other sections of the English language. You can also join communities and forums consisting of English learners of different levels. You can discuss grammar, punctuation, and other things. Knowing that there are others out there having similar experiences like you will make you stay motivated to do the same.

Use dictionary

Though you can easily find the meaning of a word by typing it in a search engine bar like Google, use a dictionary like the old days. It is very interesting how you look up a word in the dictionary. It's like a treasure hunt. You can find variations of the word like antonyms, synonyms, nouns, and adjectives. You will find examples of how to write a sentence with that word.

Read magazines and newspapers

By reading magazines of your choice you will find interest in learning new terms. For example, if you like sports you can read sports magazines and find out about your favorite team and players. In this magazine, you will find many sports-related terms that you may not be aware of. You will also learn the writing structure of a sports-related article.

You will find advertisements inside the magazine. The language used in writing an advertisement is different; it is very persuasive. This will give you an idea about how to write an advertising copy. Newspaper articles are different from that of magazine articles. Here you will be introduced to another style of writing. The words used in the news articles are also different. Another advantage of reading magazines and newspapers is that you will get to know about current affairs. So, if you have to write something in an English proficiency exam or work, you can use the information that is appropriate in writing the content.

Read story books

It can be boring to read a newspaper or magazine every day. You can read crime, romantic, or science fiction books to learn new words and improve your English. When reading story books you will have an immersive experience as you will start to feel the emotions of the characters. You will not realize how your reading skills and vocabulary are improving by reading different story books on a regular basis. Just note down the difficult words and phrases to learn about them.

Watch movies and TV shows

What can be more exciting than watching movies? Hollywood movies are great to watch. Even British movies are also becoming popular. Movies are a great tool to learn pronunciation. When you watch a Hollywood movie and a British movie back to back you will realize how different the accent is.

Roleplay

It's a fun way of practicing English speaking. Get a partner and try role-playing. You can pretend to be a doctor and your partner a patient. Now carry on imaginary conversation with each other. This type of activity will improve your speaking quality and make you more confident.

Use interesting game-based apps

You can use game-based apps to practice your English skills. These games take vocabulary and grammar into consideration. You will have fun and at the same time get the chance to improve your English.

There are various ways you can stay motivated when learning English. Tell your family and friends to support you on this journey. Their positive mindset regarding this will help you to overcome any negativity and achieve your goal.

0

Article

Testing

11-19

Even the most linguistically strong person will complain to you about his or her struggle with English vocabulary. You can never learn enough of English words. There are so many new words out there that it's quite impossible to remember most of them. Each word has several synonyms, antonyms, and different forms of parts of speech, thus making the list of words longer.

Most of us realize our limitation of vocabulary when we prepare for English testing exams like TOEFL or IELTS. But the time seems to be too short to learn so many new words. In my GRE, for example, I've come across words in the questions whose meaning was unfamiliar to me and also the answer words that looked strange too. Though it is impossible to learn so many new words before the exam, you should use certain techniques to remember them vaguely. Here are some vocabulary-building tips that can help you.

Write down the new words

Just reading the new words aloud won't help you to remember the words. You need to write them down. Besides the word, you can write a sentence involving that word, or draw a picture. This will improve your information-retaining capability.

Revise the vocabulary

If you have decided to learn 10 words a day, for example, then you should not forget to revise the previous ones. You should go back to revising those words as well. Revising the words regularly will help you to recall those words easily.

Use flashcards

It's a very common yet effective technique to learn new words. Get some square-shaped small cards and write down the new word on one side and the meaning on the other side. Put all the cards in a small bag. Whenever you go carry the cards with you. Take out the cards and try to remember their meanings. If you can't recall the meanings right away, turn around the card to look at the meaning. Arrange the flashcards according to different themes. For example, make a group of flashcards for words related to sports and then another related to business.

Have an immersive English experience

You should surround yourself with English, meaning do everything that involves English like watch movies, read newspapers, help your younger brother with story reading, speak to a native English-speaking friend, read a blog, and other things.

Listen to an English radio program

You should listen to the radio where they play English songs or have talk shows in English. Listening to these English content will help you learn new words too.

Play word games

You will find many word games online that will help you to learn new words. Do some research to find out some free online games to help you develop your vocabulary. The classic 'Scrabble' is a wonderful game to learn new words.

Apps

You can download various word-learning apps on your smartphone. These apps have interesting ways of teaching you new words. There will be exercises, games, and tests to help you improve your vocabulary.

Join communities

You can join social media groups or forums focused on English vocabulary learning. You can discuss with others regarding the meaning and usage of new words. You can have a conversation surrounding those words to help you retain the new information in your memory.

Contextual learning

A single word can be used differently in sentences giving them a different meaning. So, only memorizing the meaning of a word is not enough. You should be able to use them properly in sentences. You must remember doing 'make sentences' with new words in your literature class when you were young. The purpose of giving you such an assignment was to help you apply the word in a sentence properly besides knowing its meaning. You should maintain a vocabulary journal to keep track of the words you have learned along with their meanings. Try writing a paragraph or an article using the new words that you have learned. You can even use them in composing emails or social media posts.

Repeat and review

Using the new words repeatedly in your writing will move those words from your short-term memory to the long-term one. So, you will never forget those words.

Apart from reading stories and articles, you should read idioms, synonyms, and antonyms. Using words in different forms will help to improve your English. If your vocabulary is strong then you will be able to answer many questions in the English tests. When you talk to your friends or family members, try to use the new words you have learned. Teach them those words. That way you will remember the words well. Vocabulary is a major section of all English Language exams. So, whether you take TOEFL or IELTS, you cannot avoid learning new words. So, use these tips and techniques to build up your vocabulary.

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Article

Testing

11-19

PTE Academic exam tests your academic level in English in four sections: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. This test is intended for students who what to study abroad and also for those who want to apply for a migration visa in Australia or New Zealand. It is also recognized by the U.S. state Boards for Nursing work visa. The speaking and writing sections of this exam are done together.

Tips for improving listening skills

To improve listening skills you must set a daily target to listen to authentic English every day. The more you listen, the better your score will be. Here are some tips:
• Don't choose something too difficult to listen to that you will not understand. Start at your comfortable level and slowly move towards the more difficult ones.
• Listen repeatedly to fully understand the content, and remember the vocabulary and pronunciation.
• You can use an online Tone Generator tool to slow down the recordings keeping the original pitch of the speaker.
• You should listen to different speakers having various accents. Try listening to speakers from the US, Canada, Australia, Britain, and New Zealand. You must also listen to speakers from non-English countries like India and China.
• Listen to popular podcasts like 'Luke's English', 'Better at English', 'Culips Chatterbox', and others.
• Maintain a listening diary to take notes on the recordings. You will come across difficult words and can find the meaning later on. Use symbols and abbreviations to take notes quickly. Your notes should be able to tell you about the main topic of discussion, the type of accent the speaker is using, unknown vocabulary, etc.
• Before starting the listening section, look at the questions first to know what to expect after listening to the audio clips. If you read the questions first, you can anticipate what you have to listen to. Try to avoid distractions when answering the questions.

Tips for improving speaking

In this section, you will need to demonstrate your capability to speak fluent English. Here are the types of questions you will encounter:
• Give a personal introduction.
• A text will appear on the screen which you have to read aloud.
• After listening to the recording of a sentence, you will have to repeat it.
• Describe an image that appears on the screen in detail.
• Listen to a lecture and re-tell.
• Answer short questions.
• Summarize Spoken Text
• Essay

You need to develop your confidence before the PTE speaking exam. Here are some tips for you.
• Listen actively: Listen to conversations of different types. Write down repeated words, keywords, or difficult words. You can practice listening to podcasts or radio.
• In the 'summarize spoken text' section you will listen to the recording only once. So, note down the important keywords that can guide you when summarizing the text. You must speak with a constant flow. Emphasize the keywords and elaborate on them.
• You should practice speaking at the right pace; not too fast or not too slow.
• In the personal introduction section, you get the opportunity to tell about yourself. Take 25 seconds to prepare what you are about to say.
• When introducing yourself tell your name and background (personal, academic, and professional). You should take only 30 seconds to talk about yourself.
• Speak in a formal tone with proper pronunciation.
• Avoid lengthy sentences.
• Speak in a tone that shows that you are confident.
• Make sure that the microphone is working properly so that your speech is recorded in the best condition.
• In the 'read aloud' part of the test if you make a mistake, don't stop; continue speaking.
• Practice tongue twisters to improve your speaking.
• To answer the 'repeat section' question try to focus on the keywords. If you can't remember the whole sentence at least talk about the keywords. Try to understand the meaning of the sentence.
• Watch pronunciation videos on YouTube to get fluent in speaking.
• You must remember that your speaking score depends a lot on correct punctuation and oral fluency.
• Avoid irrelevant words.
• Pause at points according to punctuation when you are asked to read a text aloud.
• In the 'describe image' section, you will get 25 seconds to analyze an image. Right after the image is taken away from the screen, start speaking. Talk about the title of the image first and then describe the various aspects of the image.
• Get a partner to practice speaking. You should try every type of question in the speaking section.

You need to buy some books to prepare for the listening and speaking tests. You can see videos on the speaking test to learn how to speak to answer each of the test questions. In the listening section, grasping the accent of the speaker can be difficult. You can watch movies to get familiar with the various accents. Listen to audio clips that you will find on many PTE preparation websites. Alternatively, you can join a course too to practice and improve your English skills.

Once you score well in the listening and speaking sections of the test, you can expect an overall good score. It's not easy to score high in these sections, but with lots of practice, you can achieve your desired marks.

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Article

Testing

11-19

Like other professionals, English is useful for IT and technology professionals as well. Due to the invention of new technologies, it is important to learn the different tech terms to stay up-todate with the IT industry. If you know modern tech terms, you impress a prospective employer. You will be able to communicate fluently with other tech professionals.

Benefits of English in technology

Learning English is a must if you are working in the technology industry. You will fall behind others if you are not proficient in English, especially in technology-related English. Here are some benefits of English in the tech industry.

Projects finish quicker

Knowing proper English and specific tech terms helps in conducting meetings successfully. You can easily define your project scope and present your findings for the tech professionals to understand. By knowing the tech terms in English, you can create software documentation and release notes efficiently. The various English technology words help in providing customer support and dealing with client problems. You can generate ideas more quickly and share them with your colleagues in a language they all can understand. You don't need to hire a translator if you are working in a multi-lingual group.

Get more training opportunities

Most of the training and seminars in the global technology industry take place in English. You can participate in skills-based training to improve your tech vocabulary.

Better teamwork

If everyone in the technology department is aware of the various tech terms then they will have smooth communication. They can share ideas more easily. As new tech ideas keep coming, learning tech English helps professionals to grow as well.

Better career opportunities

When you showcase your tech vocabulary to prospective employers, they will recognize you to be someone who is always updated with the latest technology news and trends. You can make yourself different from others by being an expert in tech terms.

How to improve fluency in tech words

There are ways to improve your fluency in tech terms. You can look for opportunities to conduct meetings and brainstorming sessions. By sharing ideas and exchanging views you can learn new terms and practice them in real conversations.

Take classes

You will find courses to improve your English vocabulary used in the tech industry. Make sure you choose a class that is conducted by an instructor speaking in English.

Talk to people

Try to talk to tech professionals outside the formal office setting. You can do a virtual meetup or play games online, for example. By playing games you can learn new terms used in modern gaming which is part of the latest technology.

Career challenges for not knowing tech English

If you have to be in touch with someone constantly who would translate the tech terms to you then you will become slow in work. You will take more time to make decisions. It will affect your workflow negatively. All the best tech professionals communicate using technology jargon. If you don't stay updated with the new tech terms, you won't be able to understand what the great minds are thinking. If you are lacking in English, then you may experience miscommunication with your colleagues, clients, and suppliers.

If you are fluent in English, you can collaborate with others in the technology industry better. You can develop software that uses standard English. Coding is heavily dependent on Englishbased syntax. Programming languages like C++, Java, and Python use English commands. Even HTML uses English words. Knowing tech-based English opens doors for international collaboration. Various educational resources are available which contain tech words in English. You can learn them and start applying them to work.

Common technology terms

Look at the following technology terms you will realize that you come across these terms often in the workplace and at home. Knowing the exact meaning can be helpful in understanding new tech concepts and sharing them with others in the industry.

Computer: a device programmed to carry out arithmetic or logical operations.
Internet: a worldwide network of computers and systems for sharing and sending information.
Software: the programs that a computer needs to run.
Hardware: the computer's physical parts, like the CPU, monitor, and keyboard.
Digital: recording and processing information with only 0 and 1.
Processor: the component in a computer that interprets instructions and processes data in computer programs.
Server: a system that manages network resources.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): the address used to access a particular website.
Operating System: software that communicates with computer hardware allowing other software to run.
Peripheral: an external device connected to a computer, for example, a mouse or a printer.
Smartphone: a mobile device that combines both cellular and computing functions.
Tablet: a portable computer that you can operate by a 'touchscreen' mechanism.
Laptop: a portable computer that you can fold.
Desktop Computer: a personal computer designed to fit on top of a desk.
Smartwatch: a wearable device that closely resembles a wristwatch.
E-reader: a mobile device for reading e-books.
Game Console: an electronic device for playing video games.
VR Headset: a head-mounted device used for providing virtual reality experiences.
Drone: a remote-controlled flying device equipped with a camera.
Smart Speaker: a speaker that can stream music and control smart home devices using voice commands.
Wearable Fitness Tracker: a device for tracking physical activity and health metrics.
Digital Camera: a camera used for capturing digital format photographs.
Smart TV: a television set with an integrated Internet option. So, you can watch YouTube videos or browse the internet using your smart TV.
Home Assistant Hub: a device that integrates and controls several smart home products.
Algorithm: a set of rules to solve a problem.
Cache: a piece of hardware or software that saves data that can be used faster in the future
Encryption: the process of putting information into a secret code for safe usage.
Firewall: a network security system that controls and monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic.
Data Mining: the process of analyzing large sets of data to discover patterns and trends.
Blockchain: a system in which records are maintained across several computers linked in a peer-to-peer network.
Machine Learning: a subset of artificial intelligence where computers are trained to improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.
API (Application Programming Interface): a set of tools used for applications to communicate with each other.
App: a software application usually designed for mobile devices.
Cloud: servers accessed over the Internet for storing data remotely.
WiFi: a technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet wirelessly.
Plugin: a piece of software that adds a certain function to a computer program.
Streaming: to send or receive data at a steady speed.
Viral: content that gets a lot of attention within a short time.
E-commerce: buying and selling items online.
Podcasts: digital audio programs.
Augmented reality (AR): a combination of software and hardware that adds digital information to the real world.
Smart home: a place where tools and gadgets can be managed over the Internet remotely.
Biometrics: the science of identifying people based on their unique physical or mental traits, such as fingerprints or face patterns.
Social network: an online platform where users can interact with others.
Influencer: an individual with a strong online presence.
Hashtag (#): a word used on social media to identify specific topics.
Meme: a cultural symbol that spreads quickly.
Vlog: a video blog.
Feed: the stream of content you see when you log into a social media site.
Followers: individuals who subscribe or follow a user's account on social media.
Trending: This topic is widely discussed online.

Even if you are not a tech professional, you use technology every day in your life. So, knowing these tech terms can help you become more tech-savvy. Use these terms with your friends and you will become an expert in them.

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Article

Testing

11-19

Learning how to Guess the Context of the Words Appearing within a Text

As you read through texts in English, there will be a number of words that you will come across for the first time. Making a habit of stopping and checking every new word in a dictionary may slow one's reading pace, and consequently understanding of reforms into main concepts. For English learners, one useful strategy for tackling the difficulties of English is to guess a word from the surrounding words. Contextual clues are certain expressions within one's sentences or paragraphs that allow that particular reader to comprehend the definition of a word without the need of a dictionary. To make reading more comprehensible and easy for you, try to learn how to use these clues. This article focuses on the different types of context clues and the strategies used to make educated guesses on similarly unfamiliar words.

How to Use, Why it Worked – The Essentials of Context Clues

There are several types of context clues that you can use to understand unknown words. Each provides unique hints to help you grasp the meaning of a word in its surrounding context. These types are better known because one can also be able to spot and use them.

1. Diagnosis or Definition of Problem Words

Some cognates of the English language that are likely to be unknown to many learners, tend to be provided with short or longer explanations in a word from some context. Furthermore, their meanings are usually conveyed via such words as is, are, means, refers to, etc.
Example: "A nocturnal animal, like a bat, is one that is active at night."
In this sentence, the word nocturnal is directly defined as 'one that is active at night' so as to aid the understanding of the term as being night time. Such an explanation presumes that, by night time, is the period between dusk and dawn of the following day.

2. Extension Clues

Umphrey… reported that many times a word lettered may even bear some resemblance with common words, or with near synonymous words that are used to support the word in its definition - for example, or in other words, or that is.
Example: "The lawyer's response was concise, or brief, showing that he preferred to use fewer words."
In this case, at one point in time, we had a brief and concise recollection at an event and both recollections hinted at this event, brief and concise were both particularly focusing on the same event, that of which had fewer words.

3. Context Clue Using Contrast

We come across a word that we do not know, and it happens to be in the same sentence along with an idea that is opposing or contrasting. This type of context can often be seen in conjunction with the following words: but, however, yet, unlike, etc.
Example: "Mark, on the other hand, is rather quiet in contrast to his affectionate brother who enjoys parties."
In this sentence, the group of words sociable and gregarious can be said to have opposite meanings with the group of words quiet and reserved. Which gives the assumption that the word reserved in this case means quiet and not sociable.

4. Context Clue Using An Example

Context clues using an example will define the unknown word with a specific example or instance regarding it. This is often preceded by: for an example, such as, for example and even including.
Example: "In tropical areas, there are some types of exotic fruits such as dragon and mangosteen."
The phrase 'dragon fruit' and 'mangosteen' helps to clarify the exotic term to refer to fruits that are rare and unique and are not found in every corner of the world.

5. Inference or General Sense Context Clue

In some occasions there is no direct context that might have a synonym, antonym or even a definition, but instead the surrounding arguments provide some indications. One can make an educated guess from the knowledge that is familiar to him or her combined with the attitude of the surrounding text.
Example: "Maria experienced exhaustion after long hours of work without rest. That, in turn, made it impossible for her to prepare dinner."
In the scenario, although they are tired, the phrase "couldn't find the energy" is suggesting, in relation to the person's lack of energy.

Using Context Clues Approach To Guess

As it stands, there are certain strategies that one can utilise in order to benefit from context clues to word meaning. Mastering and making use of these techniques often will be of great help in reading and comprehending texts in the English language.

1. Search Other Words That Are Around The Word That Has Not Been Heard Before

When pencilled in some words that have never been heard before, read through the sentence to find some extra context clues which might not have been obvious at first. yu. You should also see where the unknown word links when spoken – or, such as, like, or even though.

2. Read The Sentence That Comes Before The Unknown Word And The One That Comes After

More often than not, the meaning of a word across two sentences gets lost in translation. It could also be that the context around the unknown word could be illuminating as well. Multi-sentence contextual framing is something that authors do quite a lot, especially for terms which are likely to be problematic.
Example: "The storm was so terrible that several houses were swept away and nothing was left except for their ruins."
If any portion of the word, such as, or the word demolished remains a mystery, then nothing but debris and ruined foundations should suggest to the reader that the word means destroying.

3. Incorporate your previous experiences

You must first think about what you already know. Let's say the text is on cooking, and you see the word "sauté." Considering the context, you could infer that it's a type of cooking method. It also assists in expanding the range of meanings that a concept can encompass, even when its scope isn't contemplated.

4. Deconstruct the word

In the English language, on the other hand, there are many words that consist of a root, a prefix, and one or more suffixes. As a rule of thumb, when taken apart, a word tends to give hints about its meaning. Consider the word reconstruct for example, which has the prefix re, which means again and the word construct which means to build. Together the words denote the meaning of "to erect anew"
Common prefixes and suffixes include:
• Prefix: un- (not), re- (again), pre- (before)
• Suffix: -ful (full of), -less (without), -able (capable of)

5. Think About What Else the Word Can Mean

In some situations, it is sufficient to ask yourself what seems to fit. Take a sentence that mentions how a person feels after he/she has received some good news, it can be assumed that the unfamiliar word thrown in that sentence conveys something nice.
Example: "Once she heard the news of the promotion, Linda got exuberant."
Since Linda has just received positive news, jubilant in all likelihood means she was elated or excited.

Use of Context Clues Worksheets

Attempting to use context clues will help you get accustomed to new words. Here are practice examples to help you enhance this skill:

Exercise 1: Identify the Clue Type

Follow the instructions provided and try to focus on the context of the word which determines the type of the context clue. For instance:
"Even when extremely tired, Sarah was still strong and proceeded to do her work."
Here, even when extremely tired is a contrast clue suggesting that strong has the meaning of enduring or being inactive for a long period.

Exercise 2: Guess The Meaning

Take a paragraph consisting of at least 2 words which you think can be hard for you and guess their meanings from the surrounding context. After that, review how close your estimates were to the right meanings.

Exercise 3: For Yourself Construct Sentences

Construct sentences using a newly acquired term you have encountered and try to give out some context clues explaining the word. For example: The bush was dry where so many plants were visible, but little water could not be seen.

Advantages of Context Clues

It is pretty easy for those who will be learning English to work out the meanings of new words from the context.

1. It Enhances the Reading Efficiency:

You will not have to keep looking up the meanings in dictionaries affecting clerical endeavours ensuring your reading flow continues.

2. Supports Word Learning:

In the beginning, for the first time those words and sentences will be learned with pictures in cases thus associating them with objects.

3. Enhances Understanding Skills:

Emphasis on context clues increases understanding as it becomes easier to focus on the main ideas.

4. Increases Ability:

Eventually, being able to make meaning on your own increases your reading vocabulary knowledge and confidence levels.

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Article

Testing

11-19

First Steps To Understanding English Articles

In my opinion, when acquiring a new language, one of the best ways to practise would be to read newspapers or magazines. Such articles have different subjects, recent terminology, and writing practices. They provide real-world examples and are suitable for students of different backgrounds. This article explains the layout, language features and usefulness of newspapers and magazines and in what ways these resources contribute to the formation of new vocabulary and comprehension.

Newspapers: Layout and Functions

Newspapers present the latest happenings in the most basic form, dry on details but rife with facts. Such periodicals get renewed at regular intervals and discuss politics, economics, sports, entertainment, and international events. Newspapers are a great way for beginners since information is presented precisely, which allows newbies to understand basic vocabulary and various sentence formats.

The Article's Headline and Subheadline

An article's title is called a headline and it has a goal to attract the reader's attention. It is generally short and may leave out some verbs and nouns that are purported as 'not' necessary. Such an example is 'New Policy Announced', which states a lot with only a few words, and thus has a somewhat straightforward meaning.

A sub headline offers more information. Also, as not all articles come with subheadings, those that do are designed for the reader to know the content of the article in brief so that that reader can choose whether or not he or she wants to continue reading.

Lead Paragraph

The lead paragraph also called lede is the start of the article and responds to the major questions of the story: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Such questions are sometimes referred to as the Five Ws and One H. This is covered in the first few lines of the paragraph. For instance, a lead paragraph about an environmental law might explain who introduced it, what the legal & legislative framework of the law is, when it will be enforced and why it has become important. This paragraph enables the readers to understand the gist of the article in a matter of seconds.

Supporting Detail and Quote

And then follows the lead, the article goes on to elaborate on each of these aspects. This part may consist of background, description and explanation, in other words elaboration. Reporters usually also include quotes from the participants in the event, emphasising different points of view and giving evidence. Don't forget to include quotes around the narrative and contextual information and opinions as they will assist the reader in grasping further the central stressing points made in the text.

For example, the statement made by the mayor, "the new policy shall assist in the improvement of the local populace". Thus, quotations help the readers to understand the different opinions regarding a particular issue and improve the interest of the text.

Language Style

The language of the newspaper is characterised by its formality but it is also straightforward, hardly any new information is revealed, it is only a compilation of the facts. The headlines are written in the present tense so as to render the news current, even when the stories have already occurred. Short direct sentences are always preferred with little or no use of difficult vocabulary, so that the average article is easy to read.

It is rarely the case for magazine articles to contain long or complicated sentences, hence with frequent exposure to such articles, English learners may find the requirements of concrete and formal language less daunting. This is particularly suitable for learners who wish to focus on academic or professional English language.

Practice Exercise: Analysing Newspaper Structure

Select any short article from a Newspaper. First, focus on the title and try to see the central idea of the article. After this, read the lead paragraph of the article in order to pick out the Five Ws and One H. After that, underscore the quotations and check how these enhance the value of the article. Finally, check if there are new words or pay attention to the pattern of the sentences.

Magazines: Structure and Purpose

Magazines range from lifestyle to science to entertainment, and their release cycle can vary from every week, every month, and once every three months at best. They allow more creativity and depth than newspapers, often including personal stories, opinions, and in-depth articles on topics like lifestyle, science, and entertainment. Magazines are ideal for English learners who want exposure to conversational and descriptive language.

Headings and subheadings Formats

Just like reportage, magazine articles are preceded by a headline. This is true for articles too. Still, magazine descriptions tend to be better because of the wording used. Also, a caption in a magazine can contain jokes, wordplays or even questions giving it an informal beginning as well. Subheadings sometimes provide further information concerning the underlying main idea of the article but are used more often in feature or opinion articles.

Opening Paragraph

Unlike the writing of a newspaper in which the 5 W's and H are essential in the opening paragraph, this is not the case desirable in magazines. They could begin with a story, an anecdote or even a question contributing to the relaxing feel of a magazine piece. This is gradually, the idea is to get the readers interested in the subject rather than stating everything at once and writing all the main ideas in the same few points.

Main Body: Analysis and Narrative Art

Magazine articles are able to differ greatly in their lengths with some being longer than others; they focus on a concise amount of analysis or background details like people's points of view; and some are shorter than newspaper articles. The writers can look at a specific subject from several angles including but not limited to history, climate and opinions. As a result, this style exposes readers to the usage of new words and longer sentences which can aid children in understanding complex sentence forms.

In writers' articles especially feature articles, the writers touch on personal themes which aid the readers in comprehending the use of conversational English vernacular. This kind of approach explains idioms, casual phrases, and descriptive language that make it useful to learners who want to learn how native speakers express themselves.

Visuals and Captions

Images, illustrations, and graphics are the main elements that most magazines have in order to make reading more enjoyable. With visuals, the audience is able to grasp difficult concepts and the content becomes much more interesting. For students studying English, captions provide a straightforward way to gain useful vocabulary about the primary theme of the article, without having to dissect every single detail.

Practice Exercise: Analysing Magazine Structure

Pick a magazine article about something you find interesting. State the title and subtitle and their functions with regards to grabbing the attention of readers. Try to locate the first paragraph to look for the opening phrase; was it an anecdote, a question or a fascinating fact? The body of the article, on the other hand, is aimed at giving more context, descriptions, or analysis of the relevant issues and other vocabularies.

Advantages Of Newspaper and Magazines For Students

Reading this type of writing has several advantages in terms of current events about the world as seen by English learners:

The Need to Know New Words: Newspapers and magazines centre on recent affairs and developments thereby giving out vocabulary that is likely to be used in everyday speech.

More Skills in Comprehension: When one reads with the intention of going through the content, one improves their skimming, scanning, and contextualization skills which are crucial for fluent reading.

English in Reality: One of the many uses of these materials is the ability to illustrate how language is used in the profession and casual environment.

Reading Basic English and Other Forms: Newspaper articles straight to the point as they follow facts while magazines emphasise fiction and narration. Both assist students in getting used to reading various forms of writing.

Learning About Other Societies: Newspapers and magazines are involved in reporting cultural happenings, social problems, and even fashions among other things, and so, the readers are able to appreciate the program and culture of the English-speaking world.

More Suggestions for Beginners

Kick Begin with Small Articles: Pick smaller articles or smaller text until you can read longer articles or texts without losing interest and focus.

Read Aloud: Reading out loud can assist in better pronunciation and understanding the text.

Avoid Excessive Use Of A Dictionary: Understand the main idea, instead of looking out for the exact meaning of the sentences especially if many words are unfamiliar to you.

Interpret New Words: In regard to learning new languages in general, you should have a separate notebook where you will insert words that are not obvious to you but keep showing up across themes, especially in trends.

Engage in Reading Activities Regularly: Reading exposure will improve your comprehension and word usage over time.

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Article

Testing

11-19

Reading Strategies: An Overview

English learners have to work very hard on reading strategies, especially when they have to deal with lengthy texts or new ones. For most learners out there, especially beginners it isn't realistic to expect them to quickly find out the main idea of the text in their first try. Rather than reading every word especially when it is a lengthy text it might be beneficial to look into other methods such as: skimming or scanning. These methods definitely do consume less time, are effective and most importantly bolster your confidence in the process. We will take a look at each technique individually along with when to use each one and how you can work on your English reading to become fluent.

An Overview of Skimming

Skimming is more like a general overview of a text rather than focusing on even the smallest of details which is certainly not the aim here. It is important to note that skimming is employed at the start of reading any new text. This also aids in concluding whether something is worth reading or if it contains relevant information.

What are some benefits of skimming for English learners?

There are several advantages of skimming such as:

Time Saver: Reading only the crucial points instead of every line helps in saving time.

Enhances Self-esteem: It helps starters in being used to long texts without them being scared.

Better Concentration: Instead of reading an entire text, these readers pay attention to the major points and get an overview of the subject.

When is skimming applicable?

Skimming is appropriate in instances such as:

Reading the summary or the headline of the news to remain up to date.

Studying before an examination in order to remember major topics.

Reading through the articles and blogs without knowing if they are useful for you or not.

What are the most effective ways to skim?

Read the Title and Subheadings: These give an idea as to how the information is organized and the main topics covered.

Target the Topic Sentences: For English texts, most topic sentences resolve the main issue of the paragraph and these almost always come at the start of a paragraph.

Look for Keywords and Key Phrases: Words that are in italics, placed within the list or bolded indicate main ideas.

Skip Certain Details and Examples: Certain aspects of a reading such as examples and minor details are probably not important when skimming so concentrate on phrases that appear to be signposting new concepts or ideas.

Independent Practice: Skimming

Look for a short article written in English like a news article or opinion piece. After setting a clock for 2-3 minutes, focus only on the titles, subtitles and the first sentence of each paragraph. After you're done, see whether by writing a few sentences, you could summarise the pieces' central message.

Concept Of Scanning

Skimming may assist in constructing an idea of what is being talked about however, scanning on the other hand is helpful to quickly find particular information. This is where meaning is not the primary focus of the text that you are receiving. It is only one element such as a particular number, name or fact. Scanning is of particular use where you are answering questions, out looking for dates or when searching for particular data within a text.

Advantages Of Scanning For The Novice

Enhances Retrieving of Information: Scanning helps you locate relevant details fast.

Reduces Stress: Rather than re-scanning, you concentrate on the information you are seeking.

Increases Understanding of English Text Organization: Eventually, in the course of time coursing aids students in comprehending how important aspects of any English text should be sequenced.

When Scanning is Appropriate

Scanning has various applications such as:

Searching for a particular date or a name in historical data.

Looking for a term or a word in the dictionary or a glossary.

Finding particular responses from the given passages for exams.

How to Scan Correctly

Understand what you are after, like a date, a name, a number, and so on.

Slide your finger or a pen over the text: As you move your finger or a pen over the text, you grab the opportunity to search as you slide down the page without reading everything unrelated to the topic.

Go through the text rapidly: Scanning is not about comprehending the text but pinpointing particular words. Move your hand over the text at a fast pace until you are able to get what was required.

Look for hints in the Text Organization: For instance, signs such as punctuation, bullet and numeric points may mean that some particular information will come after it.

Assignment: Scanning

Take a paragraph from an article you've scanned and look for specific details such as a date, a name, or a number within the text. Try to do just that without having to read the whole of the paragraph and see how fast you are able to get to the required data.

Creative Ways To Skim and Scan

There are times when combining scanning and skimming would be useful. For example, when studying for an exam, you can scan a certain reading to get the –ideas and skim through it scanning for specifics that would help you in answering any questions.

Tips to Master Both Techniques

Skim Through the Material: the first step that you should do when working through a text is skimming as this basically tells you what you're dealing with.

Scanning After Getting a General Perspective: After developing an insight on the text, proceed to scan the text for relevant details or answers to questions.

Text Type and Speed Variation: To make the work done in a shorter time frame, train yourself on how to skim and scan depending on the text you'll be working on.

Kindly Note These Points for Better Comprehension

Remember that it takes time trying to perfect reading techniques so do not worry too much when you have difficulty using scanning and skimming in the beginning. Additional tips to practise are as follows.

Make Many Small Targets: For the initial stages, consider shorter texts or a paragraph, before trying to focus on longer sections.

Work on It Almost Everyday: The more times you practise with the methods of scanning and skimming, the easier it becomes. Try to use these methods almost every day using articles, textbooks, or social media posts.

Check Your Understanding: After practising, I encourage you to gauge yourself by summarising the major points that you were skimming or recalling if you were trying to scan and check if the information is still correct.

Use Online Resources: Websites and reading applications have numerous short articles and stories which are ideal for this kind of practice in skimming and scanning.

Stay Patient: These skills need time and practice but with time and practise it will come naturally.

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Article

Testing

11-18

Learning English is not as simple as learning English grammar or learning new words. It involves a level of confidence that is necessary for fluency, yet it is also one of the most elusive skills to acquire. Certain language learners can even exhibit a solid knowledge of the language but lack the confidence to speak out. What is the reasoning behind this? And, even more, crucial, how is it possible to transcend this limitation?

Always wish to stand out from the crowd with your unique spoken English? In this lesson, you will learn how to gain the confidence to speak English and why we often do not speak aloud when we should.

The Emotion Of Speech: What Affects Your Ability To Speak

The usual suspect when diagnosing the problem of a learner's lack of confidence is fear. This fear, however, springs from self-doubt, the surroundings or a combination of both. Defeating these feelings requires as much practice as change of mindset.

The Situation: It's Complex, There's a Solution.

One of the underlying reasons of caution amongst the learners when speaking English is fear of articulating wrong English. It could either be using the incorrect tense, improper pronunciation of a term or get stuck somewhere trying to build the right structure of the sentences, the thought of passing a wrong statement can be paralyzing. Surprisingly, this very reluctance is exactly what hinders all progress.

Solution

Understand that nobody's perfect, errors are the best possible way to learn. Even native speakers have their mistakes; not everybody can sound perfectly right from the very start. Instead of seeking to be perfect, aim to be able to communicate. The more you accept your bad mistakes, the better chances you get to learn and grow.

Give this a try: Make it a point to say at least one thing in English, however simple it may be, once every day. If they can, try to find someone who can help but knows that the other person is a beginner and will not concentrate too much on mistakes. The most important issue is 'saying it nicely,' but rather the consistency.

Accomplishing Something One Step at a Time

Overconfidence is something that is not gained as easily as it may seem, however, there is always a chance to develop it in small steps. One of the reasons learners feel overwhelmed is because they set goals that are too broad or too ambitious.

The Problem: Failure to Describe Goals Vertically

Many learners have a desire to "speak fluently" but this can be seen as a goal that is rarely practical and very vague. Without smaller levels and manageable goals, one will only feel that fluency is a more or less far-fetched and unrealistic goal.

Solution

The first step towards successful oral ability is breaking down fluency into sub-skills. Pick one area and work on it. For instance, if you struggle with modules in English where you have to talk about yourself, target this module and keep on working on it until it becomes habit.

The Problem: Taking Too Long Before Making Below the Line Call

Many learners are guilty of thinking that they need to prepare first so that they can utter words without making grammar mistakes. They drill grammar, memorize vocabulary, and try their hands on the drill of reading but when it comes to actual speaking practice, they are nowhere to be found. As a result, this leads to poor readiness for real speaking tasks, since they didn't practice before the actual performance.

Solution

The very first interaction that you want to have in the target language should be verbal communication and should be the first activity that learners do the moment they start the course. Focus on speaking right about every event that comes to your mind. As you describe what you see, rehearse dialogues with your reflection or converse with an online language partner, make attempts to discuss in English. Speaking becomes effortless with such practice.

Explore an activity called "speaking shadows": Look for short videos in English and repeat as quickly as possible whatever the speaker is saying. This makes it easier for you to learn how to speak without contemplating too much about the structure and the words that you use. Rather than drown in accuracy here, the focus is getting the feel and the sound of speaking English.

Practicing the Power of Celebration: Exhaust the Small Wins.

One of the commonest learners' difficulties seems to be the anxiety users caused by their focus on what they are still unable to do in English. Change your mindset – don't dwell on the limitations and concentrate on what you can do and this will instill confidence and help develop good habits.

The Problem: Internal Negative This "Vanity "

It's very easy to become one's own enemy. The learners are generally quick to pen their mistakes and/or the areas of weakness thereby dismissing the possibility of ever making any progress. For example, "I cannot speak english well" or "I am going to make a mess of everything," and such statements do reinforce negativity in one's self thereby increasing fear in attempting to speak.

Solution

Positive self-reinforcement. Focus on improvements because they are progress to be made and achieved. Did you pronounce a complicated syllable accurately? Or perhaps you were able to ask something in english without waiting for a prolonged moment? These minor issues should be acknowledged and through recognition the individuals confidence will be able to move forward.

Here's how you can proceed practically: Maintain a journal in which you register the best moments when using English while speaking. When you hold a conversation each time and every time there is a practice session, you are supposed to count in your head at least one thing you did right, no matter how negligible it is. So gradually, you will begin to witness changes which will inspire further development.

Listening and Imitation: The easiest way of developing self-confidence

Self-confidence is mostly developed through exposure. The more you expose yourself to the sounds, patterns, and grammatical forms of English, the more confident you become when speaking it.

The Issue: Pronunciation and Grammar are hurdles in fluency of speech

Most of the learners are very much hesitant to speak because they are trying to pronounce the words in their minds or think about the grammatical rules. These aspects are important but still the speech cannot be monotonous and is supposed to be focused around the elements and rules.

Ways to enable correct pronunciation

You need to immerse yourself in English such that you get exposed to the language regularly. Look for material that sounds authentic such as: Podcasts, television series, interviews, and everyday conversations. Furthermore, do your best to mimic how native speakers pronounce, say words, and phrases. Listen to how they say sentences by focusing on their stress, beat, and how they complete the sentences.

A very fruitful exercise is known as `shadowing`. Listen to a segment of a native speaker, wait until they completely stop, and repeat the sentence as verbatim as possible. Absorbing not just the phrasing but also pace and voice of a native speaker encourages fluency and confidence.

Expanding your comfort zone: Not everything is as it seems

Lack of practice in unfamiliar scenarios in English will breed a reluctance to stock the needed vocabulary or structures for different exchanges. It is paramount for one to expand their comfort zone if they're to be able and confidently speak English under various environments and situations.

The problem: Adhering to non-controversial subjects

Most of the learners feel more comfortable bringing up some self-introduction or their work, or simply some routine topics, hence avoiding many interesting yet less habitual themes. While this is a good place to start, staying in this comfort zone makes it hard for you to gain confidence when discussing other, more interesting topics.

Solution

You could begin at your own pace and expose yourself to new and interesting topics. This could be in talking about a piece of news, teaching someone a difficult topic, or even meeting a new person and trying to make small talk. You can also give yourself a test and talk about various things in different environments.

The Importance of Feedback: Feedback Should not be Taken as Criticism

Many of the learners are discouraged from obtaining feedback due to possible criticism or being corrected too much. However, constructive feedback is crucial for development and for building self-esteem.

The Problem: Not Getting any Feedback

In the absence of feedback, it is difficult to determine what practices are effective and what practices require modification. A good number of students ignore feedback altogether or tend to be overly reliant on self-feedback which is often inaccurate.

Solution

Get feedback from an English teacher, a language partner, or a native English-speaking friend. The strategy is to specifically ask for constructive criticism and not just sweeping statements such as "You are doing well." For instance, request your conversation partner to pay attention to whether you are overemphasizing or mispronouncing some words or using awkward sentence constructions.

As always, speaking in English with self-assuredness is not a destination but a process that takes time to unfold, imagination, and most importantly, one's willingness to leave their comfort zones.

0

Article

Testing

11-18

English Pronunciation: Suggestions for Non-native English Speakers

For many of those who are not native speakers of English, pronunciation can be regarded as one of the hardest parts of learning such a new language. It's not just about knowledge of the words, but how these words sound, how these words are pronounced in a series and how they are stress 'as to what;' Unlike many languages, English is notorious for its vowel sounds, which are quite different to many other languages, however this feature isn't natural but if mastered can come in handy in terms of understanding and speaking.

Now let us examine practical strategies aimed at common pronunciation problems of foreign language learners and the ways of their diagnosis and elimination.

Learning English Sounds

English possesses an especially large range among all languages in terms of speech sounds. One's clear influence on one's ability to communicate and their mastering is extremely important.

Vowel Sounds

Generally, the vowel sounds of English become a problem as well. For example, the letter " a" possesses a different sound in the words such as cat, father, about. American intonation is a unique part of English language that involves short and long sounds, however, there is also, 'schwa': an unstressed sound such as "uh" which happens to be the most common vowel sound in American English, which many American natives use in their everyday conversations without even being cognizant of it.

Exercise: Stand in front of a mirror and try pronouncing the vowels in the words 'bit', 'beat', 'bat', 'but', and 'bet', to see how subtle changes in vowel sounds result in different mouth and tongue movements, as well as change the meaning of a word altogether.

Consonant Sounds

For most people learning English, English consonants are another source of trouble, especially to those whose native language lacks some of the sounds used in English. For instance, the "th" sound as in the words think and this is not present in many languages. Many learners pronounce 'th' incorrectly, instead using 's' or 't' which causes chaos in pronunciation of words such as thin (pronounced like "sin") or them (which comes out sounding like "dem").

Exercise: To pronounce the "th" sound, try gently blowing air and placing your tongue softly between your teeth. Begin with some easy words like think, thank, this, and that.

Common Pronunciation Pitfalls and Their Ways of Resolving

The Stress and Intonation Game Engage

Incorrect stress on the wrong syllable or word in a sentence can lead to different sentences bearing entirely different meanings from what they intended. In English, words that include parts of speech which are to be stressed or emphasized are present and this understanding can avert miscommunication.

For instance, consider I did not say that she takes the money, and I did not say she took the money. In both versions, however, the focus of the sentence is the aspect which has been stressed.

Exercise: Steadily train by performing sentences and different emphatic words every time. This will strengthen the physical ear to the variations in meaning that come with variations in stress. Additionally, try to practice reading out loud while recording your voice to see how your intonation has changed.

The Mystery of Silent Letters

The English language has its unique set of written letters which are silent causing confusion amongst the English language learners. Writing, for example, contains silent letters which include /knight/, /debt/, and /plumber/ because the letters do not sound. Predictably, there is no regulation regarding which letters can be muter and which cannot be, thus the best response to this question is to learn about silent letters.

Exercise: Pick up some words with silent letters and try to say them in a way that disregards the sound of the silent letters. This is an example of a corresponding drill in speech, which allows students to practice native pronunciation. Native English speakers are also referenced, since listening to them can help identify more of these silent letters.

Contractions and Linking Words

It is common for native English speakers to combine words in speech or use contractions. For example, one might say, "What are you doing?" and in daily speech habits say something like, "Whatcha doing?". This kind of linking can make English seem faster and more difficult to understand.

Getting over the fear of contractions like can't in place of cannot and won't in place of will not, as well as the fact that native speakers often do 'blend' their speech, will work towards making you sound far more fluent.

Exercise: Select multiple common phrases like "How's it going?" or "What's up?" and rehearse how to say the phrases in a matter of seconds without any breaks between words as if having a conversation.

Accent: The Unavoidable Fact

Accents are normal. Each and every one has an accent since it forms a part of who they are. But, non-native speakers tend to emphasize on the elimination of their accent in English. There's no place for such extremes, yet perfection has to be the last goal in this context. It is sufficient to be understood by others.

Still, some features of the accent may be confusing. Some people from particular places may have a problem of confusion of the sounds "v" and "w" which might result to…say using the term wine when he or she is trying to mean a vine. Some have difficulty of telling apart the "l" and "r" sounds and this is very typical of the Japanese native speakers.

Exercise: Look for sounds that are not in your accent and work on them through pain staking efforts listening to a native speaker and repeating after them. Use tongue twisters or minimal pair words like light and right, or vest and west when trying to master difficult sounds.

What is the Importance of Listening for Pronunciation Learning the Correct Way?

Listening as one of the activities is also a facilitator for correct pronunciation. It's obvious that the more native speakers one is exposed to, the more one becomes acquainted with the nuances of speech.

Active vs. Passive Listening

As you watch an English TV show or listen to a podcast, try to focus your attention on how a particular word is pronounced by a particular speaker. Once the recording is over, try to say the same sentence again, but this time try to copy the speaker's tone, stress, and rhythm.

This is different from passive listening where one is just exposed to a language and doesn't bother to try repeat or imitate. For example, simply having English speech sound in the background while engaging in other tasks will be useful in getting your ear to the language's flow and rhythm.

Exercise: Begin with active listening. Look for short videos and podcast clips and try to imitate the speaker's pronunciation, taking note of the linking of words, their stress patterns, and the precise articulatory features involved. After that, begin passive listening with the radio or an English Speaking YouTube channel turned on in the background as you do your tasks or while you are simply lounging around.

Practical Tools for Pronunciation Improvement

Phonetic Alphabet

Mastering the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) can be a unique weapon for non-native speakers. This constructs the concept around a particular word and explains how that word should sound according to its sounds.

For example, the following is how the word cat can be pronounced in international phonetic alphabets: /kæt/ for the Greek alphabet, the following is how the word father can be pronounced in the IPA: /ˈfɑːðə/.

To find a new word in a dictionary, you may find mastering even the basic symbols of the IPA helpful.

Exercise: Dedicate some of your time researching mispronounced phonetic symbols in your language. If you come across a new word, check its IPA transcription before attempting to pronounce it.

Shadowing

Shadowing involves a repetition of what has just been said by a native of the language at the same speed with the same rhythm and intonation. This is a helpful method to adopt when working on fluency, intonation, and pronunciation.

Exercise: Watch out for the TED talk of native speakers or any interview; listen to a few seconds and turn the tape off and repeat it. In time, this exercise will contribute to bettering pronunciation and listening skills as well.

The truth is that enhancing abilities to pronounce words and phrases in the English language takes time, looking downward is simply not in this case, progression is what comes along with practice. Whenever you come across a word that is new to you, take some time to pronounce it and learn its elements as well. Do not be disheartened by errors, they boost you closer to fluency.

0

Article

包瑞锦

10-31

A mug of espresso can give you a new life! Most of us get so tired after running the daily errands that we don't feel like getting up the next morning. A good espresso can kick you to the start of your day again. Now espresso is not only for the morning. By making a cocktail of it by adding other drinks, you can make it a more useful drink than just a tool to wake you up in the morning. Espresso Martini is an example.

A story that has been around about the espresso martini is that it was created by pure chance in the early 1980s. It is said that in London, an aspiring model went into a famous bar and asked the bartender to make her a drink that would wake her up and then make her miserable again. So, the bartender mixed a drink with a shot of espresso and that's how the espresso martini was invented. It is now found that this drink is good for the digestive system, especially after having a big meal. Here's how you can make espresso martini at home.

Ingredients

Espresso – ¾ oz

Kahlua coffee liquor (or Baileys, Tia Maria) – ¾ oz

Vodka – 1.5 oz

Ice

Whole beans (to garnish)

How the taste of vodka, martini, and tequila differs?

If you are a regular drinker at the bar then you will know the difference in taste of these drinks right away. But for those who haven't tried them out, here's what you need to know. Taquilla has a distinct taste; vodka has a neutral taste,

Which alcohol best goes with an espresso martini cocktail?

You can choose from three alcohols: coffee liqueur, Irish cream liqueur, or vodka. For the vodka, make sure it's unflavored.

How to make the espresso martini cocktail

Take a cocktail shaker and add ice.

Then add espresso coffee, liquor, and vodka.

Shake the cocktail shaker with the lid on till everything mixes well and turns cold.

With vigorous shaking, foam will be formed.

Take a martini glass and pour the cocktail. Before pouring the cocktail put the martini glass in the fridge to cool it.

Take out the ice and garnish with some whole coffee beans.

Variations

Instead of coffee liqueur to sweeten the cocktail, you can use syrup.

If you want your coffee to be creamy then add Baileys.

If you are vegan then you must replace Kahlua with Tia Maria. If you want to avoid the caffeine in coffee, you can use decaf espresso.

Take fresh espresso for the best quality.

Take out a fancy glass to pour the espresso martini.

Tips

Use real espresso, not instant coffee.

Make the espresso first and then add the other ingredients. That way the espresso will cool down a bit. This enhances taste.

You can add some cocoa on top of your drink.

The espresso martini is simple to make with only three ingredients. You only need to shake the cocktail which anyone can do. This coffee gives earthy flavors and the martini compliments well with espresso. You can have an espresso martini on various occasions. In the evening, after coming from work, you can revive your senses by drinking it. You can go out with your friends and have fun while drinking an espresso martini. After a heavy meal, this drink can save you from feeling uncomfortable physically. You can begin your weekend brunch with this cocktail as well.

0

Article

包瑞锦

10-14

My mom Dina's side of the family is traditional Italian and from Garfield, New Jersey; there were 6 siblings and every sibling is responsible for one major holiday and that was always Christmas Eve. When I was large enough to be of any use in the kitchen, I was appointed an appetizer.

Of all the array of appetizers, one became my specialty during Christmas Eve preparation. I remember creating a personal assembly line: drizzling sweet apricot preserves on them; using a tablespoon to put goat cheese on it; and finally placing thin strips of basil on crackers shaped like bruschetta.

My creation, the crostinis were created my mom, remain a timeless classic on Christmas Eve. Each year my mother makes crabcakes, Coquilles St. Jacques, and puts a large tray of penne alla vodka on the table, and I put the goat cheese crostinis together.

I soon found that they were delicious, which I could tell by the fact that for every ten that I poured I took one myself. Now, I enjoy them with a glass of red wine or holiday cocktail, but then it was in between taking spurts of sparkling apple cider. It stays out where everyone can see it, and guests can just reach over and grab one mid-conversation which is a beautiful thing.

Want to make yourself some tasty 3-Ingredient Goat Cheese Crostini?

For this delicious and easy holiday appetizer you only need bruschetta style crackers, apricot jam, goat cheese, and, if desired, fresh basil leaves. To assemble them, take a knife and spread apricot preserves on all of your crackers.

With a knife or spoon which I sometimes thought appropriate, spread a round scoop of goat cheese on top of the preserves. If you're using basil, you have to chop or tear it into small pieces and gently press one piece into each dollop of goat cheese. Voila, you're done!

Although what you don't want to do is prepare these too early in advance as they will become too soft, they can be set up to half an hour before serving.

Ingredient Tips

Most crostinis can be made from toasting fresh Italian bread, but I have taken the liberty of using urban thick crackers to ensure it's bite sized and time efficient. Some of my favorite are the Bruschettini Crackers by Asturi and you can but them at the Target store. It's normally possible to access very good bruschetta-style crackers by the deli section in most supermarkets.

Acidulated apricot preserves (something that is thicker and chunkier than standard jam) are sweet-tart. If apricot preserves are not within your reach, fig preserves will definitely do in a pinch—something about the floral, honey-like sweetness to cut through the sharpness of the goat cheese.

For this recipe you can use any soft goat cheese, also known as chevre. If you do not want the use of dairy, you can try the recipe using a vegan goat cheese instead. There is also Violife's Just Like Feta, which I find has such a good flaky, tangy taste.

Lastly, I also have fresh basil to bring back the beautiful green color on the crostini and give it that final herbaceous touch. Here, it's replaced with what you have or fresh mint or thyme would be delicious here too. For a little bit of extra spice you can add balsamic glaze or hot honey at the end.

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What is Node.js?

How Does Node.js Work?

Why Choose Node.js for Backend?

Top Traits of Node.js for Back End

The Key Components of a Complex JavaScript Architecture

What are the Risks of Not Using AJAX While Web Designing

What Happens Behind AJAX?

JavaScript with AJAX

AJAX and JavaScript Integration – Why Use This Combination?

Let and Const

Arrow Functions

Arrow Function Example

Template Literals

Template Literals Example

Destructuring

Array Destructuring Example

Object Destructuring Example

Classes

Class Example

Zero Parameters

Default Parameters Example

Rest and Spread Operators

Rest Operator Example

Spread Operator Example

Modules

Exporting Module Example

Importing Module Example

Promise

Promise Example

Creating Your First Python Project

Picking the Idea for a Project

Preparing your Project Structure

Writing the Code

Setting Up Tests For Your Application

Phases of Modification and Enhancement of the Project

Writing The Project

Keep reminding yourself of your goal

Be consistent

Get professional support

Use dictionary

Read magazines and newspapers

Read story books

Watch movies and TV shows

Roleplay

Use interesting game-based apps

Write down the new words

Revise the vocabulary

Read more

Use flashcards

Have an immersive English experience

Listen to an English radio program

Play word games

Apps

Join communities

Contextual learning

Repeat and review

Tips for improving listening skills

Tips for improving speaking

Benefits of English in technology

Projects finish quicker

Get more training opportunities

Better teamwork

Better career opportunities

How to improve fluency in tech words

Take classes

Talk to people

Career challenges for not knowing tech English

Common technology terms

Learning how to Guess the Context of the Words Appearing within a Text

How to Use, Why it Worked – The Essentials of Context Clues

1. Diagnosis or Definition of Problem Words

2. Extension Clues

3. Context Clue Using Contrast

4. Context Clue Using An Example

5. Inference or General Sense Context Clue

Using Context Clues Approach To Guess

1. Search Other Words That Are Around The Word That Has Not Been Heard Before

2. Read The Sentence That Comes Before The Unknown Word And The One That Comes After

3. Incorporate your previous experiences

4. Deconstruct the word